- Early pregnancy and childbirth
About 16 million girls aged 15 to 19 years old give birth every year - about 11% of all births worldwide. The risk of dying from pregnancy-related causes is much higher for adolescents than older women. The younger the adolescent, the greater the risk. The younger, the greater the risk adolescents. Formulation and enforcement of laws that set a minimum age of marriage, community mobilization to support the law, and better access to information and contraceptive services can decrease too-early pregnancy. Those adolescents who become pregnant should be provided with quality antenatal care and skilled birth. If permitted by law, those adolescents who choose to terminate their pregnancies should have access to safe abortion.
- HIV HIV
Fifteen to 24 years of age accounted for 40% estimate of all new HIV infections among adults worldwide in 2008. Every day, over 2500 young people are infected and globally there are more than 5.7 million young people living with HIV / AIDS. Young people need to know how to protect themselves and have the means to do so. This includes condoms to prevent sexual transmission and cleans viruses and syringes for those who inject drugs. Currently, only 30% of young men and 19% of young women have comprehensive and correct knowledge they need to protect themselves from contracting the virus. Better access to HIV testing and counseling will inform young people about their status, helping them to get the care they need, and avoid further spread of the virus. Cultural and socio-economic conditions increase the vulnerability of young people to HIV infection, an effective HIV prevention strategy must aim to overcome this factor as well.
- Malnutrition
Many boys and girls in developing countries enter adolescence undernourished, making them more susceptible to disease and premature death. Conversely, overweight and obesity (another form of malnutrition with serious health consequences and long-term financial implications important for the health system) is increasing among young people in both countries lower income and higher. Adequate nutrition and healthy eating and physical exercise habits at this age are foundations for good health in adulthood .. In addition, it is important to prevent nutritional problems by providing advice, food and micronutrient supplements (eg for pregnant teens), as well as detecting and dealing with problems (such as anemia) promptly and effectively when they occur.
- Mental Health
In any given year, about 20% of adolescents will experience a mental health problem, most commonly depression or anxiety. The risk is increased by the experience of violence ,, devaluation of humiliation and poverty, and suicide is one of the main causes of death in young people. Building life skills in children and adolescents, and to provide them with psychosocial support in schools and other community settings can help improve mental health. If problems arise, they must be detected and managed by health care workers and competent.
- Tobacco use and smoking
Most tobacco users around the world began when they were teenagers. Today is the 150 million young people use tobacco. This number increased globally, particularly among young women. Half of those users will die prematurely as a result of tobacco use. Ban tobacco advertising, raising the price of tobacco products and laws that prohibit smoking in public places reduce the number of people who start using tobacco products. They also reduce the amount of tobacco consumed by smokers and increase the number of young people who quit smoking.
- The dangers of alcohol use
The dangers of alcohol among young people is increasing concern in many countries. It Reduces self-control and increases risky Behaviours. This reduces self-control and increases risky behaviors. It is the leading cause of injuries (including those due to road traffic accidents) violence (especially domestic violence), and premature death. Prohibition of alcohol beverage advertising and regulate access to it is an effective strategy for reducing the use of alcohol by young people. Brief intervention, advice and counseling when alcohol use is detected can contribute to reducing harmful use.
-Violence
Violence is one of the leading causes of death among young people, particularly males: an estimated 565 young people aged 10 to 29 years old die every day through interpersonal violence. For every death, an estimated 20 to 40 youths require hospital treatment for injuries related to violence.
Promote the relationship between parents and children early in life, provide life skills training, and reducing access to alcohol and lethal means such as firearms help prevent violence. Effective care and empathy for young victims of violence and ongoing support can help deal with both physical and psychological consequences of violence
- Trauma
Accidental Trauma is the leading cause of death and disability among young people. Trauma injuries in road traffic took the young lives of about 1 000 people every day. Naehat for young people on safe driving, hard to enforce laws that prohibit driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs and improve access to public transport safely and reliably can reduce road traffic accidents at the traffic occurs muda.Jika jalankecelakaan , quick access to effective trauma care can save lives.
source : klinikanakonline.com
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